The Tughlaq, Sayyid and Lodi dynasties were important ruling houses of the Delhi Sultanate . They ruled Delhi after the Khalji Dynasty and before the establishment of the Mughal Empire. These dynasties are important because they witnessed: Major administrative experiments Agricultural and economic reforms Development of irrigation and public works Political instability Timur's invasion of India Rise of Afghan power The First Battle of Panipat End of the Delhi Sultanate and beginning of Mughal rule Quick Timeline Dynasty Period Founder Tughlaq 1320–1414 CE Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq Sayyid 1414–1451 CE Khizr Khan Lodi 1451–1526 CE Bahlol Lodi PART I – TUGHLAQ DYNASTY 1. Tughlaq Dynasty The Tughlaq Dynasty ruled the Delhi Sultanate from 1320 to 1414 CE . It was founded by Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq after the Khalji Dynasty came to an end. The dynasty is especially remembered for: Muhammad bin Tughlaq's ambitious experiments Firoz Shah Tughlaq's public works Agricultural reforms Expansio...

The Khalji Dynasty was the second ruling dynasty of the Delhi Sultanate . It ruled from 1290 to 1320 CE . The Khaljis are especially important in medieval Indian history because their period saw: Strong centralization of power Expansion of the Delhi Sultanate Repeated Mongol invasions Major military reforms Market and price-control measures Expansion into the Deccan and South India The two most important rulers were: Jalaluddin Khalji Alauddin Khalji Among them, Alauddin Khalji was the most powerful and influential. Easy way to remember Jalaluddin → Founded the dynasty Alauddin → Expanded and strengthened the empire Market control → Kept prices low Military reforms → Strong army Malik Kafur → Deccan expeditions 1. Background of the Khalji Dynasty Before the Khaljis, the Mamluk/Slave Dynasty ruled Delhi from 1206 to 1290 CE. After the death of Balban in 1287 CE, the Delhi Sultanate faced political instability. The later Mamluk rulers were weak, and powerful nobles competed for influ...

The Delhi Sultanate refers to the period when a series of Muslim dynasties ruled large parts of North India from 1206 to 1526 CE . The Delhi Sultanate is traditionally divided into five dynasties: Mamluk or Slave Dynasty – 1206–1290 Khalji Dynasty – 1290–1320 Tughlaq Dynasty – 1320–1414 Sayyid Dynasty – 1414–1451 Lodi Dynasty – 1451–1526 The Mamluk Dynasty was the first dynasty of the Delhi Sultanate. It is also called the Slave Dynasty because several of its important rulers had originally been military slaves or had risen from the Mamluk military system. The four most important rulers to remember are: Qutb-ud-din Aibak → Iltutmish → Razia Sultan → Balban 1. What Was the Delhi Sultanate? The Delhi Sultanate was established after the decline of Ghurid authority in North India. Important Date 1206 CE This year is generally considered the beginning of the Delhi Sultanate. The death of Muhammad Ghori in 1206 created a political situation in which his former military commanders es...